Introduction

One of the major challenges in space exploration is the lack of suitable destinations for the people to travel to, within the constraints of modern technology. We will provide a solution to this challenge in the form of a space hotel, utilizing the capabilities of the SpaceX Starship heavy lift launch system.

In addition to the micro gravity modules of the space hotel station, we will also include an artificial gravity segment that can simulate natural gravity up to Martian level (0.378g). This will allow a wider range of entertainment and research activities compared to the previous generation of space stations, such as Mir, ISS or TianGong. Furthermore, this capability will allow generation of valuable life science data for the future Mars colonists.

Station Design

The obvious station design to allow artificial gravity would be a full ring structure, potentially with multiple rings providing different levels of gravity. However, due to the limit on the number of Starship launches available, a partial ring is more feasible option.

Based on the trade-offs for gravity level, a diameter of around 75m is needed to have a comfortable level of low gravity. The partial ring of the station rotates around the hub, and the hub’s main body stays stationary to allow spacecraft to dock more easily without having to match rotation speed. The structure of the station is maintained thanks to cables between the modules.

It is made up of a total of 17 modules of 4 types:

• Central hub This module has a central stationary part where the airlock is located. There is also a welcoming directly after the guests exit the airlock after arriving. There is a rotating collar where the two main arms/corridors of the station connect to the artificial gravity section.

• Multipurpose This type of module is very versatile, and is primarily used to connect the hub to the partial ring sections. Multiple modules are stacked to create the diameter of the partial ring needed to achieve the target artificial gravity. This module can be packed with required equipment at launch and everything can be connected in orbit during assembly. The module is used in the arms of the station and packed with life support machines and supplies needed to run the station. The module has the largest continuous interior by default so it is also used as a multi purpose room in the partial ring for sports and other activities.

• Sleeping quarters. This module contains up to 6 double rooms

• T-section This module links the sleeping quarters to the rest of the station. It has a kitchen and communal areas for eating and relaxing.

Specifications

Summary

Artificial Gravity Information

(design done with respect to chart below for artificial gravity comfort zone) [1, p7]

Assembly and operations

Mission operations assume 17 launches at 50% load capacity + 2 launches at 100% for tug operations, allowing a margin of safety for each launch plus spare launches available for contingency scenarios.

Among the possible orbits for space hotel station (LEO, SSO, MEO or GEO) The optimal orbit , taking into the consideration all available parameters selected to be of 550 km altitude at 28.5 inclination (assuming Cape Canaveral launch site), minimizing radiation exposure, residual atmosphere drag and space debris risk, as illustrated in the charts below:

[2, Fig. 8]

[3, Fig. 3]

Orbit visualization

Ground track

The choice of orbit and design allows interoperation with existing cargo and crewed spacecraft for resupply, guest rotation and emergency egress procedures without excessive modifications. To facilitate in-orbit assembly for proposed space hotel, additional robotic tug spacecraft with a robotic arm can be utilized, as illustrated below, with sufficient propellant to perform all assembly operations:

The space tug is designed to fit inside Starship fairing dimensions, illustrated below:

It will have sufficient fuel load to perform all necessary assembly activities at the target orbit, assuming the following specifications:

Available activities

Views of Outer Space The space hotel might still feature windows or observation areas, allowing guests to enjoy stunning views of outer space while swimming. The combination of artificial gravity and panoramic views would create a unique and memorable aquatic experience.

Spacewalks A spacewalk in a space hotel would be an extraordinary and memorable experience, providing you with the opportunity to float freely in the microgravity environment outside the confines of the hotel. Here's how a spacewalk might look like for you:

• Preparation: Before embarking on a spacewalk, you would undergo thorough training on how to use the space suit, safety protocols, and how to navigate in microgravity. The space suit is a crucial piece of equipment, providing life support, temperature regulation, and protection against the vacuum of space.
• Exiting the Space Hotel: To begin the spacewalk, you would exit the space hotel through an airlock or designated entry/exit point. The transition from the interior of the hotel to the vastness of space would be a breathtaking experience. You'd be greeted by the awe-inspiring view of Earth below and the vastness of outer space.
• Microgravity Floating: Once outside, you would experience the freedom of microgravity. Your movements would be characterised by graceful floating, and you would use handrails, handholds, or small thruster units attached to your spacesuit to navigate in the three-dimensional environment.
• View of Earth: The view from the spacewalk would be spectacular. You'd see the curvature of the Earth, the thin blue atmosphere, and the darkness of space. The lack of atmospheric distortion would provide an incredibly clear and vivid panorama of our planet.
• Photography and Documentation: Spacewalks are not only about the experience but also about documenting and capturing the moment. You might have tools or cameras attached to your spacesuit to take photographs, record videos, or participate in scientific observations.
• Hotel Exterior and Features: As you navigate the exterior of the space hotel, you would see its unique design, solar panels, and other features that make it suitable for space habitation. Special viewing platforms or transparent sections might allow you to observe the interior of the hotel from the outside.

Swimming In Space (Optional) Available space and capabilities may allow installation of sub-scale swimming pool, once all the procedures for water management and recyling are established. Water would behave in a familiar manner, and swimming strokes and techniques would closely resemble those used in terrestrial pools. Swimmers would experience buoyancy in a way similar to Earth, making swimming movements more intuitive and natural. The sensation of being in the water and the resistance offered by it would be comparable to what people experience in swimming pools on our home planet. While the swimming environment may be more familiar, safety measures would still be in place. Lifeguards, safety equipment, and clear guidelines for guests would ensure a secure and enjoyable swimming experience.

AR/VR-augmented activities An augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) headset can significantly enhance your stay in a space hotel, providing immersive and interactive experiences. Here are several ways in which such a headset might improve your stay:

• Virtual Space Tours Explore virtual tours of the space hotel or nearby celestial bodies. VR can overlay information about each area, providing historical facts, scientific details, and interesting anecdotes, making your exploration more educational and engaging. As both microgravity and partial gravity environments are available for the participants, multiple different environment types can be simulated (orbital and atmospheric flights, surface operations)

• Enhanced Views Use the AR headset to enhance the views of outer space. Pointing the headset towards the Earth or celestial objects could trigger informative overlays, such as constellations, satellite trajectories, or details about the planets visible at that moment.

• AR Space Fitness Classes: Participate in augmented reality fitness classes tailored for the microgravity environment. The headset could guide you through exercises designed to keep you active and healthy during your stay.

• Augmented Reality Art Galleries: Experience augmented reality art installations or galleries within the space hotel. Artists could create three-dimensional digital art that guests can appreciate through their AR headsets, adding a new dimension to the aesthetic atmosphere of the hotel.

• Language Translation and Cultural Insights: If the space hotel attracts a diverse international clientele, AR headsets could provide real-time language translation and cultural insights. This feature ensures smooth communication and a more inclusive experience for guests from around the world.

Space activities for kids and families In a space hotel, the unique microgravity environment and the futuristic setting provide opportunities for a variety of exciting and innovative games for both adults and children. Here are some games that you and your kids might enjoy:

• Art and Crafts in Microgravity Encourage creativity by organizing art and crafts activities. Floating art supplies and creating three-dimensional art pieces in microgravity can be a unique and enjoyable experience for both kids and adults.

• Microgravity Soccer: Set up a floating soccer ball and goals in a designated play area. Players can use handrails, walls, or even each other to navigate and score goals. The lack of gravity adds an interesting twist to traditional soccer.

• Space Bowling: Set up a floating bowling alley with specially designed lightweight balls. Players can push the balls off a starting point, and the lack of gravity will allow them to gracefully float toward the pins, adding an element of unpredictability to the game.

• Asteroid Dodgeball: Adapt the traditional dodgeball game by incorporating soft, lightweight balls. Players can float and dodge in three dimensions, making the game more challenging and dynamic.

• Microgravity Scavenger Hunt: Create a list of items or clues for a scavenger hunt within the space hotel. Participants must navigate the microgravity environment to find hidden items or complete challenges. This can be a fun and engaging way to explore the space hotel.

• VR/AR Educational Experiences for Kids: For families with children, VR/AR can offer educational content and interactive experiences. Engage in augmented reality games designed specifically for the microgravity environment. Play space-themed puzzles, challenges, or even multiplayer games with fellow guests, adding a social and recreational aspect to your stay. From space-themed storytelling to virtual space exploration games, the VR/AR headset can turn learning into a fun and engaging activity for kids.

References

1. Hall TW. Artificial Gravity in Theory and Practice (ICES-2016-194). 46th International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES), Vienna, Austria, 10-14 July 2016. Lubbock Texas, USA: Texas Tech University. (2016 July).
2. Jinyu Liu Li Gangqiang Z. H. Zhu Xingqun Zhan. Orbital Boost Characteristics of Spacecraft by Electrodynamic Tethers with Consideration of Electric-Magnetic-Dynamic Energy Coupling. March 2020 Acta Astronautica Issue 171 (2020)
3. Ma, Fujian & Zhang, Xiaohong & Li, Xingxing & Cheng, Junlong & Guo, Fei & Hu, Jiahuan & Pan, Lin. (2020). Hybrid constellation design using a genetic algorithm for a LEO-based navigation augmentation system. GPS Solutions. 24. 10.1007/s10291-020-00977-0.